Pregnancy augments uteroplacental vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression and vasodilator effects

This study examined a potential role for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in uterine artery remodeling and vasodilation during pregnancy. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect VEGF mRNA in uterine tissues from nonpregnant (NP), midpregnant (MP, 15-16 days), and late-pregnant (LP, 19-21 days) rats and in placentas from MP and LP rats. VEGF mRNA levels in uteri and placentas were determined by Northern blotting, and the vasorelaxant activity of recombinant human VEGF (rh-VEGF) was tested and compared in isolated uterine arteries from LP and NP animals. VEGF120 and VEGF164 were the major isoforms detected in uterine tissues; all members of the VEGF family (VEGF120, VEGF164, VEGF188, and VEGF205) were expressed in LP placentas. VEGF mRNA levels increased 60% in MP and 80% in LP above those in NP (P < 0.05) in uterine tissues; VEGF mRNA levels were also detectable in placentas and elevated approximately fivefold in LP vs. MP tissues (P < 0.01). Phenylephrine-preconstricted uterine arcuate arteries (NP and LP) dilated in response to rhVEGF, an effect that was completely abolished by endothelial denudation or pretreatment with genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The magnitude of dilation to an intermediate concentration of rhVEGF (1 nM) was greater in LP than in NP vessels (55 +/- 8 vs. 24 +/- 11%; P < 0.05), and this effect was diminished comparably in both groups (approximately 60% by N omega-nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. These results suggest that VEGF may play a role in the vascular remodeling and vasodilation that lead to decreased uterine vascular resistance and increased uterine blood flow during pregnancy.