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Long-term hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to hepatitis B e antigen positive mothers

Y Poovorawan1, S Sanpavat, S Chumdermpadetsuk

  • 1Viral Hepatitis Research Unit Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
|July 1, 1997
PubMed

Insights

This study shows recombinant hepatitis B vaccine provides excellent protection against chronic hepatitis B infection in high-risk neonates. A booster dose at 5-6 or 11-12 years may further reduce viral transmission.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant risk to neonates born to infected mothers.
  • Effective vaccination strategies are crucial for preventing chronic HBV carriage and associated liver disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in high-risk neonates.
  • To assess the impact of a booster dose on sustained antibody levels and protection against HBV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Neonates born to HBsAg and HBeAg positive mothers received a 10 µg recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at different primary immunization schedules (0, 1, 6 months or 0, 1, 2, 12 months).
  • Participants were monitored for hepatitis B serological markers (HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs) up to 8 years of age.
  • A subset received a booster dose at 60 months; re-exposure markers were analyzed after this period.

Main Results:

  • Overall vaccine protection against HBsAg carriage reached 96.2% at 12 months.
  • No child developed chronic carriage beyond 3 years of age, indicating immediate and long-term protection.
  • Re-emergence of HBV markers without disease was comparable in boosted and non-boosted groups after 60 months.

Conclusions:

  • The recombinant hepatitis B vaccine offers robust, long-term protection against chronic carriage and infection in high-risk neonates.
  • A booster dose at 5-6 or 11-12 years is recommended to reduce HBV infection, viral circulation, and transmission, ensuring sustained antibody persistence.

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