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Focal liver masses: characterization with diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging

T Namimoto1, Y Yamashita, S Sumi

  • 1Department of Radiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.

Radiology
|September 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging helps differentiate liver tumors. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values are lower in malignant masses, improving liver tumor characterization.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Accurate characterization of focal liver masses is crucial for patient management.
  • Distinguishing between malignant and benign liver tumors can be challenging with conventional imaging techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of diffusion-weighted echo-planar magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in enhancing the specificity of liver tumor characterization.
  • To assess the diagnostic performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiating hepatic lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging was performed on 51 patients with 59 hepatic masses using a 1.5-T MR imager.
  • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated using b-values of 30 and 1,200 sec/mm², and T2 values were derived from spin-echo images.

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  • Image analysis included the construction of ADC maps for quantitative assessment.

    • Main Results:

    • Malignant liver masses exhibited significantly lower ADC values (1.04 x 10⁻³ mm²/sec) compared to benign masses like hemangiomas (1.95 x 10⁻³ mm²/sec) and cysts (3.05 x 10⁻³ mm²/sec).
    • While T2-weighted imaging showed considerable overlap between lesion types, ADC values provided better differentiation, although some overlap persisted.
    • Two cystic masses from ovarian carcinomas had ADC values within the range of hemangiomas, indicating a potential area of overlap.

    Conclusions:

    • Diffusion-weighted MR imaging demonstrates promise as a valuable tool for characterizing focal liver masses.
    • The technique, particularly ADC mapping, may be especially beneficial for evaluating tumors with high T2 signal intensity, excluding cystic metastatic tumors.
    • Further research is warranted to refine the application of diffusion-weighted imaging in complex liver lesion differentiation.