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[Hypertension and steroid hormones]

I Miyamori1

  • 1Third Department of Internal Medicine, Fukui Medical School.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|August 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Mineralocorticoid excess, including primary hyperaldosteronism and apparent mineralocorticoid excess, causes hypertension by increasing sodium retention in the kidneys. This review covers adrenal cortical hormone-related hypertensive disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Mineralocorticoid excess is a known cause of hypertension.
  • This occurs via enhanced sodium reabsorption in renal tubules.
  • Conditions like primary hyperaldosteronism and congenital adrenal hyperplasia exemplify this mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review hypertensive disorders linked to adrenal cortical hormones.
  • To highlight the role of mineralocorticoid excess in hypertension.
  • To introduce apparent mineralocorticoid excess as a novel hypertensive disorder.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on adrenal cortical hormones and hypertension.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of sodium retention in hypertensive disorders.
  • Synthesis of information on primary hyperaldosteronism and apparent mineralocorticoid excess.

Main Results:

  • Mineralocorticoid excess directly causes hypertension through renal sodium retention.
  • Apparent mineralocorticoid excess, due to impaired cortisol metabolism, is a newly identified cause of hypertension.
  • Adrenal cortical hormones play a significant role in various hypertensive conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertension can arise from various forms of mineralocorticoid excess.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for diagnosing and managing hypertension.
  • Further research into novel forms like apparent mineralocorticoid excess is warranted.

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