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Genital mycoplasma infections

D Taylor-Robinson1, P M Furr

  • 1Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine at St Mary's Paddington, London, United Kingdom.

Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
|August 8, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species are linked to various human urogenital conditions, with Mycoplasma genitalium strongly implicated in non-gonococcal urethritis. Further research is needed to clarify their roles in other infections and pregnancy outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Urology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Over 13 Mycoplasma, 2 Acholeplasma, and 1 Ureaplasma species are found in humans.
  • Some species primarily colonize the oropharynx/respiratory tract but can be found in the urogenital tract via orogenital contact.
  • Mycoplasma hominis is associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiological roles of various Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species in human urogenital tract infections.
  • To highlight the advancements in understanding Mycoplasma genitalium's role in non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU).
  • To assess the evidence for Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma involvement in conditions like PID, miscarriage, and arthritis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing studies on Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections.
  • Analysis of etiological associations between specific species and clinical conditions.
  • Consideration of diagnostic advancements, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in understanding pathogen roles.

Main Results:

  • Mycoplasma hominis is strongly linked to bacterial vaginosis (BV).
  • Ureaplasma urealyticum is implicated in acute and chronic non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men.
  • Mycoplasma genitalium is a significant cause of NGU, independent of Chlamydia trachomatis, and may play a role in PID.
  • Ureaplasmas can cause septic arthritis in hypogammaglobulinaemic patients and reactive arthritis.

Conclusions:

  • Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species are significant contributors to urogenital tract infections.
  • Mycoplasma genitalium is a key pathogen in NGU, necessitating further research into its role in PID.
  • The role of Ureaplasma urealyticum in miscarriage and preterm labor requires further clarification.
  • While other Mycoplasma species have the potential to cause disease, current evidence is limited.

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