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Oncologic emergencies

K M Kelly1, B Lange

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|August 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Childhood cancer survivors face emergencies like respiratory failure and spinal cord compression. Prompt recognition and treatment of these critical conditions are vital for improving outcomes and ensuring smoother recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Childhood cancer survival rates have significantly improved.
  • This success necessitates a focus on recognizing and managing oncologic emergencies in children.
  • Emergencies can arise from direct tumor effects or treatment complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight critical oncologic emergencies in pediatric cancer patients.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and intervention.
  • To underscore the impact of emergency management on patient prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common life-threatening emergencies in pediatric oncology.
  • Discussion of clinical presentations and potential complications.
  • Emphasis on the urgency of appropriate medical intervention.

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Main Results:

  • Emergencies include superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome, spinal cord compression, and increased intracranial pressure.
  • Hematologic emergencies such as bone marrow failure, hyperleukocytosis, and coagulation abnormalities are frequent.
  • Metabolic derangements like hypercalcemia require prompt management.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification and management of oncologic emergencies are crucial for pediatric cancer patients.
  • Effective treatment of these emergencies can be life-saving.
  • Addressing emergencies improves the overall course and outcomes for children with cancer.