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Multiple sclerosis: circulating antigen-reactive lymphocytes

U Traugott, L C Scheinberg, C S Raine

    Annals of Neurology
    |November 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Multiple sclerosis patients have significantly lower levels of early T-cells, indicating disease activity. Fluctuations in these T-cells, particularly during exacerbations, further support their role in multiple sclerosis (MS) progression.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Neurology

    Background:

    • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system.
    • Understanding circulating lymphocyte populations, particularly T-cells, is crucial for monitoring MS activity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate circulating T-cell populations in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to other neurological diseases (OND) and psychiatric disorders.
    • To assess the correlation between T-cell levels, myelin basic protein (MBP) reactivity, and MS disease activity, including exacerbations.

    Main Methods:

    • Assay of early (active, high-affinity rosetting) T-cells and late (total, 24-hour rosetting) T-cell levels.
    • Measurement of myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive early T-cells.
    • Comparison of T-cell populations across patient groups: MS (n=85), OND (n=48), psychiatric disorders (n=14), and normal subjects (n=2).

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    Main Results:

    • Significantly lower levels of early T-cells were observed in MS patients compared to OND patients (p < 0.01).
    • Exacerbations in MS were typically associated with further decreases in early T-cell counts.
    • MBP-reactive early T-cells were increased in a higher percentage of MS cases (75%) versus OND cases (50%), but this was not specific to MS.

    Conclusions:

    • Lower and fluctuating levels of early T-cells in MS patients are likely reflective of disease activity.
    • While increased MBP-reactive T-cells suggest sensitization to myelin antigens in MS, this finding is not exclusive to the disease.