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Biological properties of three Mexican isolates of Aujeszky's disease virus
S González Gallardo1, S Mendoza Elvira, J Pujols Romeu
1Coordinación General de Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, México.
Abstract:
Four strains of Aujeszky's Disease virus (ADV) were included in this study; three Mexican field isolates (215,145 and C-8) in conjunction with the Shope reference strain of ADV, which has known pathogenic characteristics. All four strains were included in each treatment, which consisted of heat treatment, trypsin treatment and passed ten times on chicken embryo fibroblasts. Both virus titer and plaque size were determined on the first and tenth passage and on treated and untreated strains. On each of the treatments, the plaque size had significant differences (p = 0.001) which had relation to the two factors studied, namely strain and passage level. There was no significant variation related to the type of treatment between strains. With the strains under study, the authors also made rabbit pathogenicity tests, and it was found that on passage one, the strains caused clear nervous symptoms and death, while on the tenth passage level, the Mexican strains produced slight pruritus, few nervous symptoms and allowed the rabbits to survive. The mouse test revealed an increased median death time after the treatments, as well as a large increase in standard deviations. These data are interpreted as an increased heterogeneity of the strains in all of the treatments to the strains of viruses.
Insights
This study investigated Aujeszky's Disease virus (ADV) treatments, finding that while treatments didn't alter plaque size variation between strains, they increased viral heterogeneity and reduced pathogenicity in animal models.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Animal Pathology
Background:
- Aujeszky's Disease virus (ADV) poses a significant threat to swine health.
- Understanding ADV strain variability and response to treatments is crucial for disease control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effects of heat, trypsin, and serial cell culture passage on ADV strains.
- To assess changes in viral pathogenicity and plaque characteristics post-treatment.
Main Methods:
- Four ADV strains (three Mexican isolates and Shope reference strain) were subjected to heat, trypsin, and ten serial passages on chicken embryo fibroblasts.
- Virus titer, plaque size, and rabbit/mouse pathogenicity were assessed at different passage levels and after treatments.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in plaque size were observed based on ADV strain and passage level (p = 0.001), but not treatment type.
- Rabbit pathogenicity tests showed reduced virulence of Mexican ADV strains by the tenth passage.
- Mouse tests indicated increased median death time and standard deviation, suggesting enhanced viral heterogeneity after treatments.
Conclusions:
- Serial passage and treatments increase the heterogeneity of ADV strains.
- These modifications lead to a notable decrease in ADV pathogenicity, particularly in Mexican field isolates.
