Vascular endothelial growth factor: possible role in fetal development and placental function

Area of Science:

• Reproductive biology
• Vascular biology
• Developmental biology

Background:

• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of endothelial cell proliferation and vascular permeability.
• VEGF exists in multiple isoforms, with VEGF165 being the most abundant.
• VEGF and its receptors are expressed in various embryonic and fetal tissues, including the heart, lung, and kidney.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the role of VEGF and its receptors in placental development and function.
• To explore the potential involvement of VEGF in regulating amniotic fluid volume and composition.

Main Methods:

• The study reviews existing literature on VEGF expression and function during pregnancy.
• It examines the localization of VEGF and its receptors (KDR and Flt-1) in placental tissues and fetal membranes.

Main Results:

• VEGF expression is detected in placental tissues and fetal membranes, increasing with gestational age.
• VEGF expression in the fetal heart and placenta can be induced by hypoxia.
• VEGF receptors, KDR and Flt-1, are present in placental vascular endothelial cells.

Conclusions:

• The presence of VEGF and its receptors throughout gestation indicates a significant role in maintaining placental vascular function.
• VEGF's localization suggests a potential involvement in regulating amniotic fluid homeostasis.