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Rapid effector function in CD8+ memory T cells

A Lalvani1, R Brookes, S Hambleton

  • 1Molecular Immunology Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom. ajit.lalvani@ndm.ox.ac.uk

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|September 18, 1997
PubMed
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We identified a novel population of CD8+ T cells that provide rapid antiviral protection. These memory cells offer immediate effector function against influenza virus without needing to divide, enhancing immunological memory.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • The precise nature of CD8+ T cells responsible for antiviral immunological memory in vivo remains incompletely understood.
  • Previous methods may have underestimated the frequency of memory CD8+ T cells with immediate effector capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize peptide-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes ex vivo in humans with prior influenza virus exposure.
  • To identify and quantify memory CD8+ T cells exhibiting rapid effector function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of peripheral blood from individuals with past influenza virus exposure.
  • Measurement of single-cell interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) release upon antigen stimulation as a marker of effector function.
  • Quantification of CD8+ T cells specific for six different MHC class I-restricted influenza virus epitopes.

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Main Results:

  • A population of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells was identified that releases IFN-gamma within 6 hours of antigen contact, without prior cell division.
  • These CD8+ effector T cells specific for influenza epitopes were found at frequencies generally severalfold higher than previously detected CTL precursor frequencies.
  • The phenotype of these cells suggests a role in protective immunological memory, persisting long after acute infection.

Conclusions:

  • A distinct population of memory CD8+ T cells with immediate effector function has been characterized.
  • These cells represent a previously underestimated component of antiviral immunological memory.
  • Their rapid response capability is crucial for effective host defense against viral infections like influenza.