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In vitro activity of cefixime versus ceftizoxime against Salmonella typhi
A Rastegar Lari1, N Validi, K Ghaffarzadeh
1Département de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Université Iran des Sciences Médicales, Téhéran, Iran.
Abstract:
Emergence of multi-resistant strains of Salmonella typhi is a major problem in treatment of typhoid fever and requires an excessive hospitalization period. Therefore, the present study was carried out to estimate the degree of the resistance of S. typhi strains to various antibiotics such as cefixime. Fifty two strains of Salmonella typhi isolated from patients with typhoid fever and their sensitivity to various antibiotics was determined. MICs of cefixime and chloramphenicol were also determined according to comitee de l'antibiogramme français. Results indicated that 41.9%, 33.9%, 38.7%, 58.1% and 1.6% of isolated strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, ampicillin, tetracycline and gentamycin respectively. About one third (33.9%) of strains showed multiple resistance to the first four mentioned antibiotics. All strains were susceptible to ceftizoxime and cefixime (MICs 1 and less than 1 mcg/ml). It could be concluded that cefixime due to its effectiveness, oral administration and shorter courses of treatment could be the therapy of choice in cases of typhoid fever caused by multiple resistant strains especially when we have a shortage of hospital beds.
Insights
Multi-resistant Salmonella typhi strains pose a treatment challenge for typhoid fever. Cefixime demonstrated effectiveness against these resistant strains, offering a potential therapeutic solution.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Multi-resistant Salmonella typhi strains are a significant global health concern.
- Treatment of typhoid fever is complicated by increasing antibiotic resistance.
- Extended hospitalization is often required for complicated typhoid fever cases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella typhi strains.
- To evaluate the efficacy of cefixime against multi-resistant Salmonella typhi.
- To identify optimal therapeutic options for typhoid fever.
Main Methods:
- Isolated 52 strains of Salmonella typhi from typhoid fever patients.
- Determined antibiotic sensitivity profiles for various antibiotics.
- Measured Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) for cefixime and chloramphenicol.
Main Results:
- High resistance rates observed for chloramphenicol (41.9%), co-trimoxazole (33.9%), ampicillin (38.7%), and tetracycline (58.1%).
- 1.6% of strains were resistant to gentamycin.
- 33.9% of strains exhibited multi-drug resistance to common antibiotics.
- All tested strains were susceptible to ceftizoxime and cefixime (MICs ≤ 1 mcg/ml).
Conclusions:
- Cefixime shows significant efficacy against multi-resistant Salmonella typhi strains.
- Cefixime's oral administration and shorter treatment courses make it a favorable option.
- Cefixime could be the preferred treatment for typhoid fever caused by resistant strains, especially in resource-limited settings.