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Related Experiment Videos

Coxsackieviruses and diabetes

A I Ramsingh1, N Chapman, S Tracy

  • 1David Axelrod Institute, Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany 12201-2002, USA.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|September 23, 1997
PubMed
Summary

This review explores the complex causes of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), highlighting the roles of genetics and viral infections in autoimmune pancreatic beta cell destruction.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) etiology is complex, involving polygenic genetic susceptibility and environmental factors.
  • Virus infections are implicated as potential triggers for IDDM development.
  • Understanding the interplay between immunological and virological factors is crucial for IDDM research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of IDDM etiology from both immunological and virological perspectives.
  • To discuss the utility of various mouse models in studying diabetes.
  • To present a multi-stage model for IDDM development involving viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on IDDM, immunology, and virology.

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  • Analysis of data from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse models.
  • Examination of mouse models with coxsackievirus- and encephalomyocarditis-virus-induced diabetes.

    • Main Results:

    • Both genetic predisposition and environmental factors, particularly viral infections, contribute to IDDM.
    • Mouse models provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of diabetes development.
    • Specific viruses, including coxsackieviruses, are linked to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.

    Conclusions:

    • IDDM pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental influences.
    • Viral infections may initiate or exacerbate the autoimmune process in IDDM.
    • A multi-stage model incorporating viral roles offers a framework for understanding IDDM development.