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Prognosis of medulloblastoma in infants
C Di Rocco1, A Iannelli, F Papacci
1Section of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy.
Insights
Pediatric medulloblastoma survival in infants under 3 years old is improving. Chemotherapy shows promise for this subgroup, with some patients achieving long-term survival without radiotherapy.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Neuro-Oncology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Medulloblastoma in children under 3 years old traditionally has a poor prognosis.
- Recent observations suggest improved survival rates in this specific pediatric subgroup.
Purpose of the Study:
- To retrospectively analyze the outcomes of infants with posterior fossa medulloblastoma.
- To evaluate prognostic factors and the role of chemotherapy in this patient population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 19 infants with posterior fossa tumors operated on between 1983-1994.
- Data collected on tumor resection extent, CSF shunt, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and survival outcomes.
Main Results:
- 8 out of 19 patients (42.1%) survived with a mean survival of 86.5 months.
- Total tumor removal was achieved in 14 cases; all 8 survivors had complete resection.
- Brain stem infiltration was a significant adverse prognostic factor; chemotherapy contributed to 3 long-term survivals.
Conclusions:
- The prognosis for infants with medulloblastoma may not be worse than for older children.
- Chemotherapy can be particularly beneficial for infants with medulloblastoma.
- Complete tumor resection and avoiding brain stem infiltration are critical for long-term survival.
Abstract:
The prognosis of medulloblastoma in children less than 3 years old is usually considered to be rather poor. However, recent experiences with this type of tumour seem to indicate that survival in this specific subgroup of patients can be longer than expected. Nineteen infants with posterior fossa tumours treated by the authors in the period 1983-1994, all of them with symptoms presenting during the 1st year of life and all operated on before the end of the 2nd year of life, have been retrospectively analysed. Total tumour removal was achieved in 14 cases, subtotal in 1 and partial in 3. One subject underwent only a biopsy of the tumour. In 14 patients a CSF shunt was inserted. Chemotherapy was administered to 18 out of the 19 patients in the series. At the time of the study, 11 children had died (57.9%) and 8 were alive (42.1%; mean survival 86.5 months). One patient died of complications secondary to the surgical treatment. Three patients died because of local recurrence of the tumour after apparent total excision, death supervening 5, 12 and 18 months after the surgical treatment. A further 2 patients in whom total tumour removal had been performed died 3 and 17 months after surgery of local recurrence of the disease associated with regional metastases. Progression of the residual tumour, accompanied by metastatic dissemination in 3 cases, accounted for death in the other 5 patients who did not survive. Brain stem infiltration appeared to be the most significant adverse prognostic factor. All 8 long-term survivors had their tumour totally excised. Five of them underwent radiotherapy when at least 2 years old. On the basis of the results, the authors conclude that the current prognosis of infants with medullo-blastoma is not necessarily any worse than that of older children with the same disease and that chemotherapy can be particularly useful in this subgroup of patients, as shown by 3 long-term survivals obtained in children treated with this type of therapy only.