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Updated: Jun 23, 2026
Gastric Mucosa Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis for Detecting Helicobacter pylori and Antibiotic Resistance
Published on: March 7, 2025
Relation between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastrointestinal symptoms and syndromes
S Rosenstock1, L Kay, C Rosenstock
1Department of Surgery K, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Background:
Helicobacter pylori is a human pathogen that colonises the gastric mucosa and causes permanent gastric inflammation.
Aims:
To assess the symptoms of H pylori infection in an adult unselected population.
Subjects:
A random sample of 3589 adult Danes who were examined in 1982 and 1987 (n = 2987).
Methods:
Abdominal symptoms within the preceding year were recorded at both attendances. Circulating IgG antibodies against H pylori in serum samples drawn in 1982 were measured by using in-house indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).
Results:
People with increased levels of IgG antibodies to H pylori were more likely than uninfected individuals to report heartburn (odds ratio (OR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.54) and abdominal pain characterised by daily length (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 0.92-1.91), nocturnal occurrence (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.19-2.19), spring aggravation (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 0.70-4.05), and no relation to meals (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.43-0.91) or stress (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.95). The inclusion of people with increased levels of IgG antibodies to H pylori, but without upper dyspepsia, at study entry significantly increased the likelihood of reporting upper dyspepsia at follow up (OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.24-2.36). People with epigastric pain and increased levels of IgM antibodies to H pylori only indicative of acute H pylori infection were more likely to report nocturnal pain, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting.
Conclusion:
H pylori infection may precede the development of dyspepsia and is associated with a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms in people with no history of peptic ulcer disease.
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