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[Smallpox: an historical review]

G Theves1

  • 1Administration des Services Vétérinaires, Luxembourg.

Bulletin De La Societe Des Sciences Medicales Du Grand-Duche De Luxembourg
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
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Edward Jenner

Area of Science:

  • Medical History
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Historical methods of smallpox prevention, including variolation, were practiced for centuries.
  • Lady Montagu introduced variolation to England in 1721, a method involving direct inoculation with smallpox material.
  • Variolation, though risky, was adopted by European aristocracy during the 18th century.

Discussion:

  • Edward Jenner pioneered vaccination using cowpox in 1796, offering a safer alternative to variolation.
  • Early vaccination practices (arm-to-arm) carried risks, including syphilis transmission.
  • Shift to cow-based vaccine production from 1864 mitigated transmission risks.

Key Insights:

  • Jenner's cowpox vaccination revolutionized smallpox prevention, significantly reducing disease risk.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The evolution of vaccine production methods enhanced safety and efficacy.
  • Global vaccination efforts led to the eradication of smallpox by the World Health Organization in 1978.

    • Outlook:

    • The historical progression from variolation to vaccination highlights advancements in immunology and public health.
    • Lessons learned from smallpox eradication inform ongoing global health initiatives.
    • The development and production of vaccines remain critical for disease prevention.