[Prevalence of gallstones in the neonatal period]

To assess the prevalence of gallstones in normal neonates.

We used sonography to assess the gallbladder in 3500 unselected infants between 1993 and 1995. Examination was performed during the first four days of life as part of a prospective neonatal screening study evaluating hip and renal abnormalities.

We found sludge or gallstones in 19 children (0.5%). In 4 of 11 patients followed for up to 18 months, the gallstones persisted. In 3 of the cases, there was a family history of gallstones. None of the children had signs of cholestasis. Three were treated with ursodesoxycholic acid 15-20 mg/kg (per day): only one responded.

About 0.5% of neonates have gallstones or gall bladder sludge; this is a higher percentage than previously thought. In one-third of the patients who were followed, the gallstones remained. Persistence was more likely in those with a positive family history for gallstones.