Clinical and electrographic manifestations of lesional neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy

To determine whether lesional neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (NTLE) can be differentiated from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) during the noninvasive presurgical evaluation, we compared the historical features, seizure symptomatology, and surface EEG of 8 patients seizure free after neocortical temporal resection with preservation of mesial structures and 20 patients after anterior temporal lobectomy for MTLE. Seizure symptomatology of 107 seizures (28 NTLE, 79 MTLE) was analyzed. One hundred one ictal EEGs (19 NTLE, 82 MTLE) were reviewed for activity at seizure onset; presence, distribution, and frequency of lateralized rhythmic activity (LRA); and distribution of postictal slowing. Seizure symptomatology and EEG data were compared between groups, and sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were determined for variables that differed significantly. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine whether patients could be correctly classified as having MTLE or NTLE. MTLE patients were younger at onset of habitual seizures and more likely to have a prior history of febrile seizures, CNS infection, perinatal complications, or head injury. NTLE seizures lacked features commonly exhibited in MTLE, including automatisms, contralateral dystonia, searching head movements, body shifting, hyperventilation, and postictal cough or sigh. NTLE ictal EEG recordings demonstrated lower mean frequency of LRA that frequently had a hemispheric distribution, whereas LRA in MTLE seizures was maximal over the ipsilateral temporal region. We conclude that it may be possible to differentiate lesional NTLE from MTLE on the basis of historical features, seizure symptomatology, and ictal surface EEG recordings. This may assist in the identification of patients with medically refractory nonlesional NTLE who frequently require intracranial monitoring and more extensive or tailored resections.