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Giant cells in pigmented villo nodular synovitis express an osteoclast phenotype
S D Neale1, R Kristelly, R Gundle
1Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Australia.
Journal of Clinical Pathology
|July 1, 1997
Summary
Giant cells in pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) exhibit osteoclast characteristics, including bone resorption capabilities. This finding may explain the bone destruction observed in this aggressive synovial disease.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Pathology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a proliferative joint disorder.
- Multinucleated giant cells are a prominent feature of PVNS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the cytochemical and functional phenotype of giant cells in PVNS.
- To determine if these giant cells resemble osteoclasts.
Main Methods:
- Giant cells were isolated from a patient with knee PVNS.
- Cells were analyzed for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, CD11b, CD14, CD51, and calcitonin receptor expression.
- The ability of giant cells to resorb bone (lacunar resorption) was assessed.
Main Results:
- Isolated PVNS giant cells expressed an osteoclast phenotype (CD51 positive, CD11b/CD14 negative).
- Cells were positive for TRAP and calcitonin receptors.
- Functional assays demonstrated lacunar bone resorption, indicative of osteoclast activity.
Conclusions:
- Giant cells in PVNS share phenotypical and functional characteristics with osteoclasts.
- This osteoclast-like behavior may contribute to the bone destruction seen in PVNS.
- Further research into PVNS pathogenesis and treatment is warranted.