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Hyperbaric and hypobaric chamber fires: a 73-year analysis

P J Sheffield1, D A Desautels

  • 1Jefferson C. David Wound Care & Hyperbaric Medicine Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.

Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc
|October 6, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Hyperbaric chamber fires are dangerous, causing 77 fatalities from 1923-1996. Fires occurred in enriched oxygen atmospheres with burnable materials, highlighting the need for strict safety protocols.

Area of Science:

  • Hyperbaric Medicine
  • Fire Safety Engineering
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Fires in confined environments like hyperbaric chambers pose significant risks.
  • Historical data reveals numerous fatalities and incidents in various chamber types globally.

Observation:

  • From 1923 to 1996, 77 fatalities occurred in 35 hyperbaric chamber fires.
  • Fires were documented in diving bells, recompression chambers, and clinical hyperbaric chambers.
  • Incidents involved enriched oxygen atmospheres (>28% oxygen) and combustible materials.

Findings:

  • Pre-1980 fires were mainly due to electrical ignition.
  • Post-1980 fires were primarily caused by prohibited ignition sources brought by occupants.
  • Chambers using air (<23.5% oxygen) resulted in survivors, unlike enriched oxygen environments.

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Implications:

  • Understanding fire causes is crucial for developing effective safety measures.
  • Implementing strict protocols regarding ignition sources and oxygen levels is vital for hyperbaric chamber safety.
  • This review provides critical insights for the safe operation of hypobaric and hyperbaric chambers.