Angiotensin's role in renal development

All the components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are highly expressed in the developing kidney in a unique spatial and temporal pattern that is associated with nephrogenesis, vascularization, and the proper architectural and functional development of this organ. Pharmacological inhibition of the RAS results in structural and functional developmental abnormalities of the kidneys in several animal species, including humans. Similarly, altered renal morphology and functional abnormalities have been described in mice with targeted inactivation of the angiotensinogen (Agt) and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes. In contrast, inactivation of angiotensin receptors have not resulted in renal morphological abnormalities, suggesting a redundancy at this level of the RAS cascade that prevents the development of renal pathology. More importantly, inactivation of the ACE or Ao genes results in a renal phenotype remarkably similar to that obtained with pharmacological inhibition of the RAS. Taken together, the available information suggests that angiotensin is necessary for normal kidney development and for the maintenance of the functional and structural integrity of the adult kidney.