Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of 2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...

Nuclear Export

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cryopreservation and plant regeneration from somatic embryos of Pinus patula.

Plant cell reports·2019

Same author

Electrical spin injection into InN semiconductor nanowires.

Nano letters·2012

Same author

Duration of response after treatment of mild to moderate depression with Hypericum extract STW 3-VI, citalopram and placebo: a reanalysis of data from a controlled clinical trial.

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology·2011

Same author

Rapeseed cytoplasm gives advantage in wild relatives and complicates genetically modified crop biocontainment.

The New phytologist·2009

Same author

Fitness of hybrids between rapeseed (Brassica napus) and wild Brassica rapa in natural habitats.

Molecular ecology·2006

Same author

Lessons from HIV: movement of macromolecules inside the cell.

Current molecular medicine·2002

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Published on: December 4, 2010

Exportin 1 (Crm1p) is an essential nuclear export factor

K Stade¹, C S Ford, C Guthrie

¹Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, 94143-0414, USA.

|October 10, 1997

Summary

Researchers identified CRM1 as a key protein for nuclear export in yeast. This finding reveals a crucial mechanism for transporting proteins and mRNA out of the cell nucleus.

More Related Videos

Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip

Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip

Published on: September 29, 2012

Subcellular Fractionation from Fresh and Frozen Gastrointestinal Specimens

Subcellular Fractionation from Fresh and Frozen Gastrointestinal Specimens

Published on: July 15, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Published on: December 4, 2010

Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip

Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip

Published on: September 29, 2012

Subcellular Fractionation from Fresh and Frozen Gastrointestinal Specimens

Subcellular Fractionation from Fresh and Frozen Gastrointestinal Specimens

Published on: July 15, 2018

Area of Science:

Cell biology
Molecular biology
Genetics

Background:

Nuclear protein export is essential for cellular function.
The precise mechanisms of nuclear export, particularly involving nuclear export signals (NESs), remain incompletely understood.
Understanding these pathways is critical for deciphering cellular transport processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the key mediator of nuclear protein export in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
To elucidate the role of CRM1 in nuclear transport.
To investigate the relationship between protein and mRNA export pathways.

Main Methods:

Development of a novel protein export assay in S. cerevisiae.
Characterization of the CRM1 protein and its interactions.
Analysis of mutations in Crm1p and their effects on nuclear export.

Main Results:

CRM1 was identified as an essential mediator of nuclear protein export in yeast.
Crm1p demonstrated homology to importin beta-like transport factors.
Crm1p specifically interacts with both NES motifs and the Ran GTPase.
A mutation in Crm1p disrupted both protein and mRNA export, suggesting coupled pathways.

Conclusions:

Crm1p functions as a carrier for the NES-mediated protein export pathway.
Nuclear protein export and mRNA export are tightly coupled in S. cerevisiae.
The study proposes renaming CRM1 to exportin 1 (XPO1).