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Presynaptically Silent Synapses Studied with Light Microscopy
Published on: January 5, 2010
Not committing barbarisms: Sherrington and the synapse, 1897
1Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, London, UK.
Brain Research Bulletin
|January 1, 1997
Summary
The term "synapse" was introduced in 1897 by physiologist Charles Sherrington, who developed the concept. A classicist, Arthur Verrall, coined the word for Foster
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Physiology
- History of Science
Background:
- The concept of neuronal communication predates the formal term.
- Physiological studies in the late 19th century explored nerve impulse transmission.
Discussion:
- The origin of the term "synapse" highlights the interdisciplinary nature of scientific advancement.
- Understanding the etymology of key scientific terms provides historical context for their conceptual development.
- The collaborative effort between scientists and classicists in defining fundamental concepts is crucial for scientific progress.
Key Insights:
- The word "synapse" was first documented in 1897.
- Charles Sherrington is credited with the physiological concept of the synapse.
- Arthur Verrall coined the term "synapse".
Outlook:
- Further research into the history of neuroscience terminology can illuminate conceptual shifts.
- Exploring the etymology of scientific terms can offer insights into the evolution of scientific thought.
- Recognizing the contributions of individuals beyond the immediate field of study enriches our understanding of scientific history.
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Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
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The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
Electrical Synapses
Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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