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Spinal and cranial neural tube defects

J G McComb1

  • 1Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
|November 5, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Neural tube defects (NTD) encompass a range of developmental central nervous system lesions. This article proposes NTD as a unified term, classifying them into open spinal, closed spinal, and cranial types for clarity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Central nervous system developmental lesions with midline fusion failure are termed dysraphic.
  • Existing classification schemes are complex, confusing, and contradictory.
  • Many clinically significant lesions involve neural tube formation aberrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a unified nomenclature for central nervous system midline fusion defects.
  • To introduce the term "neural tube defects" (NTD) for this group of anomalies.
  • To provide a practical clinical classification of NTD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on central nervous system developmental lesions.
  • Analysis of current classification systems and nomenclature.
  • Development of a proposed classification based on embryological origins.

Main Results:

  • Dysraphic lesions represent a spectrum of central nervous system malformations.
  • A unified term, neural tube defects (NTD), is proposed.
  • NTD are clinically categorized into open spinal, closed spinal, and cranial types.

Conclusions:

  • The term NTD offers a clearer, more consistent characterization of these congenital anomalies.
  • The proposed classification aids in understanding and managing these diverse lesions.
  • This framework facilitates further research into the epidemiology, embryology, and treatment of NTD.

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