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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells
10:01

Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells

Published on: August 2, 2022

Brain metastasis: current status and recommended guidelines for management

P Black

    Neurosurgery
    |November 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Brain metastasis management is typically palliative, focusing on radiotherapy for symptom relief. Combined surgery and radiotherapy offer better survival for solitary lesions, with improving outcomes for aggressive treatment.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuro-oncology
    • Neurosurgery
    • Radiation Oncology

    Background:

    • Brain metastasis presents significant challenges in pathological, diagnostic, and therapeutic management.
    • Current treatment strategies are predominantly palliative, with curative interventions being rare exceptions.
    • Lack of controlled, randomized studies complicates objective assessment of therapeutic modalities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide an overview of brain metastasis, encompassing pathological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects.
    • To review the current understanding and effectiveness of various treatment modalities for brain metastases.
    • To identify patient subgroups likely to benefit from specific therapeutic interventions.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on the pathological, diagnostic, and therapeutic management of brain metastasis.

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    Minimally Invasive Cisterna Magna Injection Model for Leptomeningeal Metastasis Studies in Mice

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    Modelling Brain Metastasis: Standardized Analysis of Metastatic Colonization and Histological Growth Patterns by Stereotactic Intracortical Injection
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    Modelling Brain Metastasis: Standardized Analysis of Metastatic Colonization and Histological Growth Patterns by Stereotactic Intracortical Injection

    Published on: January 16, 2026

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    Last Updated: Jul 24, 2026

    Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells
    10:01

    Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells

    Published on: August 2, 2022

    Minimally Invasive Cisterna Magna Injection Model for Leptomeningeal Metastasis Studies in Mice
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    Minimally Invasive Cisterna Magna Injection Model for Leptomeningeal Metastasis Studies in Mice

    Published on: May 23, 2025

    Modelling Brain Metastasis: Standardized Analysis of Metastatic Colonization and Histological Growth Patterns by Stereotactic Intracortical Injection
    07:42

    Modelling Brain Metastasis: Standardized Analysis of Metastatic Colonization and Histological Growth Patterns by Stereotactic Intracortical Injection

    Published on: January 16, 2026

  • Analysis of the efficacy of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical interventions.
  • Discussion of guidelines for surgical intervention in cases of brain metastasis.

    • Main Results:

    • Radiotherapy is the most common treatment for cerebral metastasis, providing temporary neurological improvement in approximately 60% of patients.
    • Combined surgical excision and whole-brain radiotherapy improve quality and duration of survival for solitary metastases.
    • Chemotherapy and immunotherapy have generally not demonstrated significant benefit, with exceptions in choriocarcinoma and meningeal carcinomatosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Aggressive treatment for brain metastasis is often warranted, as therapeutic results are improving.
    • Radiotherapy remains a cornerstone for multiple intracranial metastases, while combined modality treatment is recommended for solitary lesions.
    • Specific guidelines exist for surgical intervention, emphasizing patient selection and consideration of primary tumor status and overall health.