Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 9, 2026

Remote Neuronal Activation Coupled with Automated Blood Sampling to Induce and Measure Circulating Luteinizing Hormone in Mice
Published on: August 25, 2023
Effects of leuprolide-induced hypogonadism and testosterone replacement on sleep, melatonin, and prolactin secretion
E Leibenluft1, P J Schmidt, E H Turner
1Clinical Psychobiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Abstract:
The possible role of gonadal steroids in regulating sleep and circadian rhythms in humans has received relatively little attention despite the importance of the topic to several clinical syndromes. Pharmacologically induced hypogonadism, with and without gonadal steroid replacement, provides an opportunity to examine these questions within a controlled experimental design. We used leuprolide acetate, with and without testosterone replacement, to study the role of testosterone in the regulation of sleep and of melatonin, PRL, and TSH secretion in men. Results from 10 men revealed significant decreases in 24-h PRL levels and in the percentage and time of stage 4 sleep in the hypogonadal state compared with testosterone replacement. There were no differences in melatonin or TSH secretion or in the timing or duration of sleep between the two hormonal conditions. These results indicate that testosterone has relatively specific and discrete effects on sleep and hormonal rhythms in men.
Related Concept Videos
Management of Insomnia
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Menopause
Infertility in Males
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

