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Visualization of subsurface structures in cells and tissues by backscattered electron imaging

R P Becker, M Sogard

    Scanning Electron Microscopy
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Backscattered electron (BE) imaging in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enhances visualization of heavy metal-stained cellular structures. This technique allows for simultaneous viewing of surface topography and subsurface details, improving biological sample analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Electron Microscopy
    • Cell Biology
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Backscattered electrons (BE's) generated during scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging increase with the atomic number of specimen elements.
    • Heavy metal staining significantly enhances BE yield, making stained cellular structures more visible.
    • BE imaging offers a method to visualize structures beneath intact cell surfaces.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the utility of backscattered electron (BE) imaging in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for visualizing selectively stained biological structures.
    • To demonstrate the capability of BE imaging for viewing subsurface cellular components.
    • To present a physical model explaining BE imaging contrast and resolution.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in backscattered electron (BE) imaging mode.

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  • Applied heavy metal staining methods to cell and tissue samples for selective contrast enhancement.
  • Integrated secondary electron imaging (SEI) for concurrent surface topography visualization.
  • Main Results:

    • BE imaging effectively rendered selectively stained cellular and tissue structures visible against unstained backgrounds.
    • Subsurface structures, including organelles like nuclei and mitochondria, were visualized beneath intact cell surfaces.
    • Image contrast and resolution were correlated with stain properties, specimen characteristics, and SEM operating parameters (energy, current).

    Conclusions:

    • Backscattered electron (BE) imaging is a valuable technique in SEM for high-contrast visualization of heavy metal-stained biological specimens.
    • The method enables simultaneous imaging of surface topography and subsurface structures, offering comprehensive morphological insights.
    • Further advancements in BE detectors and image processing hold potential for enhanced subsurface imaging capabilities.