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Effect of ischemic cerebral volume changes on behavior

P D Lyden¹, L M Lonzo, S Y Nunez

¹Department of Neurosciences, UCSD School of Medicine, USA.

Behavioural Brain Research

|August 1, 1997

Summary

Cerebral ischemia significantly impairs brain function and volume. Global neurological deficits correlate with total brain volume loss, while learning deficits depend on specific brain compartment integrity, not just overall volume reduction.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neurology
Pathology

Background:

Cerebral ischemia leads to lasting brain volume and neurologic function deficits.
The precise relationship between brain volume changes and functional outcomes post-ischemia is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the correlation between brain volume reduction and behavioral impairments after induced cerebral ischemia in rats.
To differentiate the impact of total brain volume loss versus specific regional changes on neurological function and learning.

Main Methods:

Cerebral ischemia was induced in rats using microsphere embolization.
Neurologic function was assessed using a global rating scale, open field activity tests, and visual spatial learning tasks.
Post-mortem analysis quantified cerebral hemisphere volume and regional tissue densities, including cortex, white matter, and infarction volume.

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Main Results:

Ischemia significantly reduced cerebral hemisphere volume and specifically the cortex and white matter compartments.
Global neurologic ratings correlated with overall brain volume loss, but not with specific regional volume changes.
Visual spatial learning deficits were linked to volume reductions in the cortex and white matter, independent of lesion location or initial neurological status.

Conclusions:

Total brain volume loss after ischemia may predict global neurological deficits.
Complex cognitive functions like learning are more sensitive to the integrity of specific brain regions (cortex, white matter) than to the total volume of brain tissue lost.
The volume of visible infarction did not correlate with long-term behavioral outcomes.