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Interleukin-12 in infectious diseases

L Romani1, P Puccetti, F Bistoni

  • 1Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy. iromani@unipg.it

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|October 23, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is vital for controlling infections by boosting T helper type 1 (Th1) cell responses and innate immunity. Further research is needed to explore IL-12 therapy for human infectious diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cytokine Biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a key immunoregulatory cytokine.
  • IL-12 plays a critical role in host defense against various pathogens, including bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi.
  • Endogenous IL-12 is essential for early infection control and the development of acquired immunity, particularly T helper type 1 (Th1) cell-mediated responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of IL-12 in infectious diseases and host immunity.
  • To explore the potential therapeutic applications of IL-12 in managing infections.
  • To highlight the need for further investigation into exogenous IL-12's effects on human immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental models of infectious diseases.
  • Analysis of the effects of endogenous and exogenous IL-12 on immune responses.
  • Examination of IL-12's role in Th1 cell priming and innate resistance.

Main Results:

  • Endogenous IL-12 is crucial for early control of infections and the generation of Th1-directed immunity.
  • IL-12 potentiates natural resistance by regulating gamma interferon responses and promoting Th1 development while inhibiting Th2 responses.
  • Therapeutic administration of IL-12 in animals has shown efficacy in preventing disease by stimulating innate resistance and specific reactivity.

Conclusions:

  • IL-12 is a critical cytokine for mounting effective immune responses against a wide range of infectious agents.
  • IL-12 administration, alone or as a vaccine adjuvant, can enhance protective immunity in preclinical models.
  • The potential of exogenous IL-12 as a therapy for human infections warrants continued investigation due to its role in inflammation and immunopathology.

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