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Related Experiment Videos

Lexical access in aphasic and nonaphasic speakers

G S Dell1, M F Schwartz, N Martin

  • 1Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA. gdell@s.psych.uiuc.edu

Psychological Review
|October 24, 1997
PubMed
Summary

This study models lexical retrieval in aphasia using a 2-step theory. Altering a normal processing model explains diverse naming errors in aphasic patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Neurolinguistics

Background:

  • Lexical retrieval, the process of accessing words, is impaired in aphasia.
  • Understanding aphasic errors informs theories of normal language processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply a 2-step theory of lexical retrieval to explain picture-naming errors in aphasia.
  • To model the impact of simulated neural 'lesions' on language processing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a computational model based on spreading activation in a lexical network.
  • Parameterized the model for normal error patterns, then altered parameters ('lesioned') to fit aphasic error patterns.
  • Derived and tested predictions regarding syntactic categories, phonological effects, recovery, and repetition tasks.

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Main Results:

  • The lesioned model successfully fit the error patterns of 21 fluent aphasic patients.
  • Predictions derived from the model regarding syntactic influences, phonological effects, and recovery were confirmed.
  • The model accurately predicted performance on single-word repetition tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Simple quantitative changes to a normal lexical retrieval model can account for varied aphasic error patterns.
  • This supports a connectionist approach to understanding language deficits in aphasia.
  • The findings offer insights into the neural underpinnings of word production and retrieval.