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Opportunistic fungal infections: superficial and systemic candidiasis
1University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, USA.
Abstract:
Age alone is not usually sufficient for the development of disease due to Candida, but it appears to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Mucocutaneous Candida infections such as thrush and denture stomatitis are associated with local and mechanical factors. A rare and sight-threatening complication of cataract surgery is Candida endophthalmitis. Systemic Candida infections are becoming more common due to increasing use of immunosuppressive drugs and the increasing risk of nosocomial candidiasis in the intensive care unit. Candiduria is increasingly common in older patients with diabetes mellitus, indwelling urinary catheters, and a history of antibiotic therapy.
Insights
Age is linked to worse outcomes in Candida infections, though not a direct cause. Factors like local issues, surgery complications, and hospital-acquired infections increase disease risk, especially in older adults.
Area of Science:
- Medical Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Geriatrics
Background:
- Age is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in Candida infections.
- Mucocutaneous Candida infections are linked to local and mechanical factors.
- Cataract surgery poses a risk for Candida endophthalmitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology and risk factors of Candida infections.
- To highlight the increasing incidence of systemic and nosocomial candidiasis.
- To discuss candiduria in specific patient populations.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of Candida infection risk factors.
- Analysis of associations between age and Candida-related outcomes.
- Examination of specific clinical manifestations and settings.
Main Results:
- Age alone is insufficient for disease but correlates with severity.
- Local factors drive mucocutaneous infections; surgery can cause endophthalmitis.
- Immunosuppression and intensive care units increase systemic/nosocomial risk.
Conclusions:
- Candida infections present diverse clinical scenarios influenced by various factors.
- Older patients, especially with comorbidities and interventions, face higher risks.
- Understanding these factors is crucial for managing candidiasis effectively.