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Human respiratory muscle actions and control during exercise

A Aliverti1, S J Cala, R Duranti

  • 1Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Bioingegneria, Centro di Bioingegneria, Milan, Italy.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|October 24, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Respiratory muscle recruitment shifts during exercise, with the diaphragm acting as a flow generator and chest wall muscles maintaining pressure. This coordinated action minimizes rib cage distortion during breathing.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Respiratory Mechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Understanding respiratory muscle function during exercise is crucial for assessing respiratory limitations.
  • The interplay between diaphragm, rib cage, and abdominal muscles during varying workloads is not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pressures, power, and volume changes of respiratory muscles during exercise.
  • To analyze the coordination and control of respiratory muscles across different exercise intensities.

Main Methods:

  • Five healthy men performed graded exercise up to 70% maximum workload (Wmax).
  • Three-dimensional marker tracking quantified chest wall compartment volumes (rib cage and abdomen).
  • Pressures and power of diaphragm, rib cage, and abdominal muscles were measured.

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Main Results:

  • End-inspiratory lung volume increased, while end-expiratory lung volume decreased with workload.
  • Diaphragmatic pressure, velocity, and workload increased significantly with exercise intensity.
  • Abdominal and rib cage muscle pressures were out of phase and coordinated to equalize pressures, minimizing distortion.

Conclusions:

  • A switch in respiratory muscle control occurs with exercise onset, involving immediate recruitment of accessory muscles.
  • The diaphragm functions as a flow generator, while rib cage and abdominal muscles generate pressure.
  • This respiratory muscle strategy minimizes rib cage distortion and optimizes breathing mechanics during exercise.