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A deviant mitochondrial genetic code in prymnesiophytes (yellow-algae): UGA codon for tryptophan

Y Hayashi-Ishimaru1, M Ehara, Y Inagaki

  • 1Biohistory Research Hall, 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-11, Japan.

Current Genetics
|October 29, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Prymnesiophyte algae frequently use the UGA codon for tryptophan, not as a stop codon, in their mitochondrial COXI gene. This unique genetic code suggests a monophyletic origin for these algae.

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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Evolutionary Biology
  • * Phycology

Background:

  • * The mitochondrial gene COXI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) is crucial for understanding algal evolution.
  • * Prymnesiophyta represent a diverse group of marine algae with varied evolutionary histories.
  • * Standard genetic codes use UGA exclusively as a stop codon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the genetic code and phylogenetic relationships within Prymnesiophyta using the COXI gene.
  • * To determine if the UGA codon functions differently in prymnesiophyte mitochondrial genomes.
  • * To assess the evolutionary origins and relationships of Prymnesiophyta.

Main Methods:

  • * Sequencing of the mitochondrial COXI gene in five prymnesiophyte species.

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  • * Phylogenetic analysis of COXI sequences, including comparisons with other algal and plant groups.
  • * Examination of mRNA sequences to verify codon usage and identify potential editing events.

    • Main Results:

    • * The UGA codon was frequently observed at conserved tryptophan sites in the prymnesiophyte COXI gene.
    • * mRNA analysis in Isochrysis galbana confirmed UGA is used for tryptophan, not as a stop codon.
    • * Phylogenetic analysis placed all studied prymnesiophytes in a tight cluster, suggesting monophyly.
    • * The red alga Chondrus crispus also exhibits the UGA-for-tryptophan code, but phylogenetic support for close affinity was weak.

    Conclusions:

    • * Prymnesiophytes utilize a deviant genetic code where UGA codes for tryptophan.
    • * The COXI gene data supports a monophyletic origin for the analyzed prymnesiophytes.
    • * Despite sharing the UGA-for-tryptophan code, prymnesiophytes and red algae are not closely related based on COXI phylogeny.