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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

Replication in Prokaryotes

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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

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The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
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Two states at the origin of replication
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Getting started: regulating the initiation of DNA replication in yeast

W M Toone1, B L Aerne, B A Morgan

  • 1Division of Yeast Genetics, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK.

Annual Review of Microbiology
|January 1, 1997
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Summary

Yeast DNA replication initiates in two steps: prereplicative complex (pre-RC) formation after mitosis and activation at Start. This ensures one S phase per cell cycle by regulating pre-RCs and origin firing.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • DNA replication is essential for cell division.
  • Yeast cell cycle regulation provides a model for understanding DNA replication.
  • The prereplicative complex (pre-RC) is crucial for initiating DNA replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the two-step process of DNA replication initiation in yeast.
  • To identify the key molecular players and regulatory events involved in pre-RC formation and activation.
  • To understand how the cell cycle ensures a single S phase per cycle.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study of yeast cell cycle progression.
  • Analysis of protein complex formation and kinase activity.
  • Investigation of regulatory mechanisms controlling DNA replication initiation.

Main Results:

  • Pre-RC formation occurs post-mitosis, involving ORC, Cdc6, and Mcm proteins.
  • Replication initiation is triggered at Start by G1 cyclin-dependent kinases activating specific protein kinases.
  • Increased B cyclin-dependent kinase activity post-Start fires origins and prevents new pre-RC formation, ensuring one S phase.

Conclusions:

  • Yeast DNA replication initiation is a tightly regulated two-step process.
  • Cell cycle progression, particularly the transition through Start, is critical for replication.
  • Mechanisms exist to prevent re-replication within a single cell cycle.