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Related Experiment Videos

Microbiologic evaluation of needleless and needle-access devices

M J Arduino1, L A Bland, L E Danzig

  • 1Hospital Infections Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.

American Journal of Infection Control
|October 31, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Needleless intravenous access devices show no significant difference in fluid pathway contamination compared to needle-access devices. Proper disinfection of device septa is crucial to prevent microbial contamination, regardless of device type.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infection Prevention and Control
  • Medical Device Safety

Background:

  • Intravenous access devices are essential for patient care but pose a risk of microbial contamination.
  • Needleless intravenous access devices were developed to reduce needlestick injuries, but their microbial barrier properties require evaluation.
  • Understanding contamination rates is vital for preventing healthcare-associated infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the rate of microbial ingress into the fluid pathway of needleless intravenous access devices versus traditional needle-access devices.
  • To assess the impact of septum disinfection on preventing microbial contamination for both types of devices.

Main Methods:

  • A laboratory study utilized two types of needleless devices and one needle-access device.

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  • Bacterial challenge (Enterococcus faecium) was applied to device septa, simulating skin contamination.
  • Punctures were performed with and without prior septum disinfection (70% isopropyl alcohol), followed by fluid pathway culture and device sampling.

    • Main Results:

    • Without disinfection, fluid pathway contamination rates were high: 100% and 80% for the two needleless devices, and 72% for the needle-access device.
    • After disinfection with 70% isopropyl alcohol, contamination significantly decreased, with only 1.3% of samples showing bacterial growth across all device types.

    Conclusions:

    • Needleless and needle-access intravenous devices demonstrate comparable rates of fluid pathway contamination.
    • Failure to disinfect device septa before access significantly increases the risk of microbial contamination.
    • Routine disinfection protocols are critical for maintaining the integrity of intravenous access systems and preventing infections.