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Related Experiment Videos

Glucocorticoids and aging

P S Wang1, M J Lo, M M Kau

  • 1Department of Physiology, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Shih-Pai, Taipei, ROC.

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan Yi Zhi
|October 31, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Aging alters the stress response system. In rodents, aging leads to changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, including reduced feedback and increased stress hormone levels, potentially accelerating aging.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Stress Physiology

Background:

  • Aging is associated with significant physiological changes, including alterations in the neuroendocrine system.
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a crucial role in stress response and is implicated in the aging process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review morphologic changes, HPA axis function, glucocorticoid (GC) receptors, and steroidogenic enzyme activities during aging in animals and humans.
  • To explore the GC cascade hypothesis regarding the role of stress and GCs in aging.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of morphologic changes in adrenal zona fasciculata cells.
  • Assessment of neuronal integrity in the hypothalamus and GC receptor levels in the hippocampus.
  • Evaluation of circulating hormone levels (ACTH, GC) and enzyme activities (P450scc, 21-hydroxylase).

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Main Results:

  • In aged rodents, observed changes include adrenal cell hypertrophy, hypothalamic neuronal loss, reduced hippocampal GC receptors, elevated ACTH and GC levels, and increased steroidogenic enzyme activity.
  • Aged rodents exhibit impaired negative feedback of the HPA axis, reduced stress response attenuation, and increased basal corticosterone levels.
  • Human studies on HPA axis function during aging show conflicting results, making definitive conclusions challenging.

Conclusions:

  • The GC cascade hypothesis suggests that chronic stress and elevated GCs, coupled with reduced hippocampal feedback, contribute to the aging process in rats.
  • Aging-related changes in the HPA axis, particularly impaired feedback mechanisms, may lead to dysregulated stress responses and hormonal imbalances.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the complex relationship between aging and HPA axis function in humans due to inconsistent findings.