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Effects of nitric oxide on neuroendocrine function and behavior
R J Nelson1, L J Kriegsfeld, V L Dawson
1Department of Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2686, USA. rnelson@jhu.edu
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
|November 14, 1997
Summary
Nitric oxide (NO), a versatile messenger, regulates blood vessel tone and neuronal activity. This impacts neuroendocrine function and behavior, influencing everything from hormone secretion to motivated actions and cognition.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
Background:
- Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a signaling molecule in various physiological processes.
- NO is produced by endothelial cells, macrophages, and neurons, mediating diverse functions.
- Its roles include vasodilation, immune response, and neurotransmission.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the multifaceted roles of nitric oxide (NO) in the body.
- To highlight NO's significance as a chemical messenger in neuroendocrine regulation and behavior.
- To synthesize current understanding of NO's influence on physiological and behavioral outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on nitric oxide (NO) functions.
- Analysis of NO's involvement in endothelial, immune, and neural systems.
- Examination of NO's impact on neuroendocrine axes and motivated behaviors.
Main Results:
- NO mediates endothelial-dependent vasodilation and macrophage cytotoxicity.
- NO functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the nervous system.
- NO influences hypothalamic-pituitary axes, hormone secretion (oxytocin, vasopressin), and motivated behaviors (sexual, aggressive, ingestive).
Conclusions:
- Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical mediator of neuroendocrine function and behavior.
- NO's diverse actions underscore its importance in maintaining physiological homeostasis and influencing complex behaviors.
- Further research into NO signaling pathways may reveal therapeutic targets for neurological and behavioral disorders.