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Human interferon omega--a review

G R Adolf1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Boehringer Ingelheim Research and Development, Vienna, Austria.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Interferon omega (IFN-omega), a unique human interferon, shows potent antiviral and anti-tumor activities. It binds the same receptor as other type I interferons but has distinct antigenic properties, suggesting therapeutic potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • A single human gene encodes interferon omega (IFN-omega), a glycoprotein structurally related to IFN-alpha and IFN-beta.
  • IFN-omega is a key component of human leukocyte interferon, secreted by virus-infected cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the biological activities and receptor interactions of human interferon omega (IFN-omega).
  • To assess the antiviral and anti-proliferative potential of IFN-omega.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro antiviral assays to determine specific activity.
  • Cell proliferation assays on various tumor cell lines.
  • Analysis of immune cell modulation, including natural killer cell activity and lymphocyte proliferation.
  • Immunological assays to assess antigenic cross-reactivity with other interferons.

Main Results:

  • IFN-omega exhibits potent antiviral activity (4 x 10(8) U mg-1) against DNA and RNA viruses.
  • It inhibits the proliferation of diverse tumor cell lines in vitro.
  • IFN-omega enhances natural killer cell activity and MHC class I antigen expression.
  • It does not cross-react antigenically with IFN-alpha, -beta, or -gamma, and is not neutralized by antibodies against IFN-alpha 2.

Conclusions:

  • Human interferon omega (IFN-omega) possesses significant antiviral and anti-tumor properties.
  • Its unique antigenic profile suggests it may overcome resistance to other interferons.
  • Species-restricted activity necessitates clinical trials for therapeutic evaluation.

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