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fMRI applications in schizophrenia research

D R Weinberger1, V Mattay, J Callicott

  • 1Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, NIH, NIMH Neuroscience Center at St. Elizabeths, Washington, DC 20032, USA.

Neuroimage
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals reduced prefrontal activation in schizophrenia patients during working memory tasks, even with normal performance. Methodological standards are proposed to address motion artifacts in fMRI studies of psychiatric conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatric Research
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers unique insights into psychiatric disorders, enabling the characterization of individual variations and longitudinal changes.
  • Schizophrenia research using fMRI is crucial for understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of this complex psychiatric condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain activation patterns in patients with schizophrenia using different fMRI acquisition protocols during sensorimotor and working memory tasks.
  • To identify potential confounds, such as motion artifacts, in fMRI studies of schizophrenia and propose methodological solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Four studies were conducted on schizophrenia patients utilizing three distinct fMRI acquisition protocols: 3-D echo-shifted FLASH, 3-D PRESTO, and whole-brain isotropic multislice EPI.

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  • Tasks included sensorimotor activation and an "N back" working memory paradigm.
  • Methodological standards for motion correction, including comparisons of motion correction parameters, voxel variances, and internal activation standards, were proposed.

    • Main Results:

    • Patients with schizophrenia generally exhibited normal sensorimotor activation responses, with a tendency towards less complete lateralization of motor cortical activation.
    • Reduced prefrontal activation was observed in schizophrenia patients during working memory tasks, irrespective of their performance level.
    • Motion artifacts were identified as a significant potential confound in fMRI studies of this patient population.

    Conclusions:

    • fMRI can detect distinct patterns of brain activation in schizophrenia, particularly reduced prefrontal engagement during working memory.
    • Standardized methodological approaches are essential to mitigate motion artifacts and enhance the reliability of fMRI findings in psychiatric research.
    • Further research is warranted to refine fMRI techniques for improved characterization of brain function in schizophrenia.