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Updated: Aug 2, 2026
06:15
Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
Published on: March 6, 2019
Guidelines of the previous consensus conference and recent developments
1Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.
Summary
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) management has advanced with new insights into its causes and improved treatments like laparoscopic fundoplication. Guidelines evolve, emphasizing personalized patient care over rigid protocols.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology and Esophageal Diseases
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Pathophysiology and Management
Background:
- Reviews significant advancements in GERD understanding and treatment since the last Canadian consensus conference.
- Highlights new knowledge on nitric oxide, inflammatory cytokines, and hypersensitive esophagus mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To update on major changes in GERD investigation and management.
- To discuss health economics and the dynamic nature of treatment guidelines.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of developments in GERD pathophysiology, investigation, and management.
- Analysis of new diagnostic tools (e.g., 24 h pH monitoring) and therapeutic options.
- Discussion of surgical innovations, including laparoscopic fundoplication.
Main Results:
- Improved understanding of GERD mechanisms, including hypersensitive esophagus.
- Enhanced interpretation of diagnostic tests and increased confidence in proton pump inhibitor (PPI) safety.
- Introduction of laparoscopic fundoplication and photodynamic therapy for Barrett's esophagus.
Conclusions:
- GERD management has evolved significantly, with key changes in diagnostics, therapeutics, and surgery.
- Treatment guidelines must adapt to new knowledge and be individualized for patient needs.
- Physicians must balance guidelines with the primary duty of patient-centered care.
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