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Programmed cell death in prokaryotes

A Hochman1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel.

Critical Reviews in Microbiology
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Prokaryotic stress adaptations, like bacterial programmed cell death (PCD), may be an evolutionary precursor to eukaryotic apoptosis. These processes share mechanistic features, suggesting a common origin for cell death regulation.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Programmed cell death (PCD), or apoptosis, is a vital cellular suicide mechanism in eukaryotes, crucial for development and organism survival.
  • Recent research reveals prokaryotes exhibit developmental programs and stress adaptations, including sporulation and gene transfer agent release, analogous to eukaryotic PCD.
  • These prokaryotic adaptations are observed in diverse bacteria like Caulobacter, Bacillus, and Rhodobacter capsulatus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the parallels between prokaryotic stress adaptations and eukaryotic programmed cell death (PCD).
  • To propose a new designation, 'proapoptosis,' for these prokaryotic cell death phenomena.
  • To investigate shared mechanistic features between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell death pathways.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparative analysis of prokaryotic stress adaptation mechanisms (e.g., sporulation, GTA release) with known eukaryotic apoptosis pathways.
  • Literature review on bacterial developmental programs and cell death-related processes.
  • Identification of shared molecular and functional features between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell death.

Main Results:

  • Prokaryotic stress adaptations, such as Caulobacter cell formation and Rhodobacter capsulatus gene transfer agent (GTA) release, exhibit programmed features.
  • These prokaryotic processes share mechanistic similarities with eukaryotic apoptosis, including DNA fragmentation, cell shrinkage, and reactive oxygen species involvement.
  • The study proposes 'proapoptosis' as a term for prokaryotic programmed cell death, suggesting it as a phylogenetic precursor to apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • Prokaryotic stress adaptations represent a potential evolutionary origin for eukaryotic programmed cell death (PCD).
  • The term 'proapoptosis' is proposed to describe these prokaryotic phenomena, highlighting their functional and mechanistic links to apoptosis.
  • Shared features suggest a conserved, ancient mechanism for programmed cell death regulation across prokaryotes and eukaryotes.