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Ophthalmological morbidity in very-low-birthweight infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

O A Ajayi1, D Raval, N Lucheese

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Journal of the National Medical Association
|November 5, 1997
PubMed

Insights

Infants born weighing less than 1250g with bronchopulmonary dysplasia face higher risks of retinopathy of prematurity and related ocular sequelae. Early intervention is crucial for these high-risk premature infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal ophthalmology
  • Perinatal medicine
  • Pediatric pulmonology

Background:

  • Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are significant morbidities in premature infants.
  • Ocular sequelae can result from ROP, impacting long-term visual function.
  • Understanding the interplay between ROP, ocular sequelae, and BPD is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), its ocular sequelae, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very low birth weight infants.
  • To identify risk factors for ROP in this vulnerable population.
  • To assess the impact of BPD on the development of ROP and subsequent ocular complications.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective analysis of ophthalmological data from 67 infants weighing < 1250g at birth.
  • Infants underwent at least two eye examinations before discharge and follow-up at 12-18 months postconceptual age.
  • Comparison of outcomes between infants with severe BPD and controls, with adjustment for BPD in sequelae analysis.

Main Results:

  • Incidence of any ROP was 33%, severe ROP was 25%.
  • Infants with severe BPD had 1.7x higher odds of any ROP and 1.8x higher odds of severe ROP.
  • Incidence of ocular sequelae was 45%; ROP increased odds of sequelae (OR 2.3-2.64), with adjusted ORs of 1.27-1.36 when accounting for BPD.

Conclusions:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is an independent risk factor for ophthalmologic morbidity in premature infants.
  • Lower birth weight, gestational age, acidosis, and hypoxemia are predictors of ROP.
  • Future studies on therapies for chronic lung disease should adjust for the presence of underlying lung disease when evaluating effects on ROP.

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