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Vaccination coverage by race/ethnicity and poverty level among children aged 19-35 months -- United States, 1996
Insights
The Childhood Immunization Initiative (CII) achieved national vaccination goals by 1996. Progress varied by race/ethnicity and poverty level, with disparities persisting for low-income children.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- The Childhood Immunization Initiative (CII) aimed to boost vaccination coverage in preschoolers and reduce vaccine-preventable diseases.
- National vaccination coverage goals for 2-year-olds were met by 1996.
- Previous studies highlighted racial/ethnic disparities in vaccination rates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess progress toward 1996 CII vaccination coverage goals.
- To analyze vaccination coverage by racial/ethnic group and poverty level.
- To identify remaining disparities in childhood immunization.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Immunization Survey (NIS).
- Examined vaccination coverage rates for preschool-aged children.
- Stratified analysis by five racial/ethnic groups and by poverty level.
Main Results:
- Most national CII vaccination coverage goals were achieved across five racial/ethnic groups.
- All vaccination goals were met for children at or above the poverty level.
- Two of five goals were met for children living below the poverty level, indicating persistent gaps.
Conclusions:
- The CII program made significant progress in increasing childhood vaccination coverage.
- Socioeconomic status, particularly poverty, remains a significant factor associated with disparities in achieving vaccination goals.
- Targeted interventions are needed to address remaining coverage gaps among low-income and potentially minority populations.
Abstract:
The Childhood Immunization Initiative (CII), implemented in 1993, is an intensive program to increase vaccination coverage among preschool-aged children and to reduce or eliminate vaccine-preventable diseases. In 1996, national coverage goals were achieved for 2-year-old children for the most critical doses of each routinely recommended vaccine. Disparities in vaccination coverage have been documented previously among different racial/ethnic groups. This report presents findings from CDC's National Immunization Survey (NIS), which document progress toward achieving the 1996 CII vaccination coverage goals by racial/ethnic group and by level of poverty. The findings indicate that, for each of five racial/ethnic groups, most of the national CII vaccination coverage goals were met and that, based on poverty level, all the goals were met for children living at or above the poverty level, and two of the five goals were met for children living below the poverty level.