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[New anti-cancer drugs for gastrointestinal cancers]
1Division of Chemotherapy, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Japan.
Abstract:
Promising new drugs for gastrointestinal cancers in clinical phase II studies in Japan were reviewed. Treatment with l-Leucovorin (l-LV, combined with 5-FU), S-1, a methionine-free intravenous amino acid solution (AO-90), BOF-A2, and interferon (combined with 5-FU), is based on biochemical modulation-related 5-FU. With combination of l-LV and 5-FU, response rates of over 30% were reported in clinical rate phase II studies for gastric and colorectal cancers respectively. S-1, a new oral tegaful pulse modulator, showed a response rate of 53.6% (in eligible cases) in early phase II studies for gastric cancer. Except for other than biochemical modulation drugs, 254-S (new cisplatin derivatives), CPT-11 (camptothecin derivatives) and docetaxel are also promising for gastrointestinal cancers. These drugs showed activity against advanced gastrointestinal cancers, suggesting that further clinical studies of these drugs combined with other active chemotherapy agents are warranted.
Insights
New chemotherapy drugs show promise for gastrointestinal cancers. Phase II studies in Japan highlight effective treatments like S-1 and l-Leucovorin (l-LV) with 5-FU, offering hope for advanced disease.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Gastroenterology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Gastrointestinal cancers remain a significant health concern globally.
- Advances in chemotherapy are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review promising new drugs for gastrointestinal cancers in Japanese clinical phase II studies.
- To assess the efficacy of novel chemotherapeutic agents and combinations.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical phase II studies conducted in Japan.
- Analysis of treatment regimens including l-Leucovorin (l-LV) with 5-FU, S-1, AO-90, BOF-A2, and interferon.
- Inclusion of non-biochemical modulation drugs like 254-S, CPT-11, and docetaxel.
Main Results:
- Combination of l-Leucovorin (l-LV) and 5-FU demonstrated over 30% response rates in gastric and colorectal cancers.
- S-1, an oral tegaful pulse modulator, achieved a 53.6% response rate in early phase II gastric cancer studies.
- Other agents like 254-S, CPT-11, and docetaxel showed activity against advanced gastrointestinal cancers.
Conclusions:
- Several novel chemotherapeutic agents and combinations show significant promise for treating gastrointestinal cancers.
- Further clinical studies combining these agents with other active chemotherapy drugs are warranted to optimize treatment strategies.