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Portable/wearable artificial kidney (WAK) - initial evaluation

R L Stephens, S C Jacobsen, E Atkin-thor

    Proceedings of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association. European Dialysis and Transplant Association
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This new wearable hemodialysis system offers biochemical adequacy for patients, allowing for a less restricted existence. The portable system enables effective waste removal and fluid balance for improved quality of life.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Hemodialysis is a life-sustaining treatment for kidney failure.
    • Traditional hemodialysis requires significant infrastructure and patient immobility.
    • There is a need for more portable and less restrictive dialysis solutions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a new wearable hemodialysis system.
    • To assess the biochemical adequacy and patient lifestyle impact of the wearable device.

    Main Methods:

    • A wearable hemodialysis module (3.5 kg) connected to a 20 L dialysate bath (17 kg total system weight).
    • Patients performed self-dialysis for approximately 3 hours/day, 6 days/week.
    • Urea and electrolyte removal were assessed via mass balance studies and routine laboratory tests.

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    Main Results:

    • Adequate removal of urea (14-20 G/day), creatinine (1500-2000 mg/day), uric acid (500-900 mg/day), and potassium (30-55 mEq/day).
    • Achieved ultrafiltration rates of 700 ml/hour with stable serum chemistries.
    • One patient completed 35 consecutive days of treatment, with others dialyzed intermittently.

    Conclusions:

    • The wearable hemodialysis system (WAK) is biochemically adequate for patients with kidney failure.
    • This portable dialysis technology significantly enhances patient lifestyle by allowing greater freedom and mobility.