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Related Experiment Videos

Functional assessment scales in detecting dementia

K Juva1, M Mäkelä, T Erkinjuntti

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki, Finland.

Age and Ageing
|November 14, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Four functional scales effectively detect dementia in older adults. These scales, including the Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ), are reliable tools for identifying cognitive decline in population studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Dementia diagnosis in aging populations requires reliable assessment tools.
  • Functional scales offer a method to evaluate cognitive impairment through daily living activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of four distinct functional scales in detecting dementia within a population-based study.
  • To compare the performance of the Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL), modified Blessed Dementia Scale (DS), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), and Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ) in dementia detection.

Main Methods:

  • A random sample of 795 individuals aged 75, 80, and 85 were assessed.
  • Data included dementia prevalence (DSM-III-R criteria) and scores from informant-completed functional scales (ADL, DS, IADL, FAQ).

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  • Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was employed to determine the discriminative power of each scale.

    • Main Results:

    • All four functional scales (ADL, DS, IADL, FAQ) successfully differentiated between demented and non-demented subjects.
    • The Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ) demonstrated the highest discriminative ability (Area Under Curve = 0.96), followed closely by IADL (0.95), DS (0.94), and ADL (0.90).
    • Age, sex, and education had minimal impact on the performance of ADL, DS, and FAQ, while age affected IADL performance. All scales adequately identified mild dementia.

    Conclusions:

    • Functional scales are valuable tools for dementia detection, particularly in settings where functional assessments are already conducted, such as primary care for the elderly.
    • The evaluated scales, especially FAQ and IADL, show high reliability and utility in identifying dementia across different age groups.