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Arthropod-borne encephalitides in the Americas

T P Monath

    Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Arthropod-borne encephalitides, including St Louis encephalitis and western equine encephalitis (WEE), significantly impact human and equine health in the Americas. This review covers recent outbreaks, research, and control strategies for these viral infections.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Arthropod-borne encephalitides pose a significant threat to both human and equine populations in the Americas.
    • Reported cases in the US (1975-1978) represent an underestimation of the true incidence of arboviral encephalitis.
    • Key viruses include St Louis encephalitis, California encephalitis, and western equine encephalitis (WEE).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review epidemiological aspects of arboviral encephalitis outbreaks in the past five years.
    • To summarize current research on the ecology and epidemiology of major encephalitis viruses.
    • To discuss control strategies for these significant infections.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of epidemiological data on arboviral encephalitis outbreaks.
    • Summaries of ongoing research into viral ecology and epidemiology.
    • Discussion of infection control measures.

    Main Results:

    • St Louis encephalitis, California encephalitis, and WEE accounted for 98.5% of reported US human cases between 1975-1978.
    • Annual equine encephalitis cases in the US range from 1000-4000, primarily due to WEE.
    • Significant outbreaks of Venezuelan, eastern, western equine encephalitis, and Rocio encephalitis have occurred in tropical America.

    Conclusions:

    • Arboviral encephalitides remain a critical public health concern in the Americas.
    • Continued research into viral ecology and epidemiology is essential for effective control.
    • Integrated control strategies are necessary to mitigate the impact of these diseases.

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