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Store depletion and calcium influx

A B Parekh1, R Penner

  • 1Department of Membrane Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.

Physiological Reviews
|November 14, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Store-operated calcium entry, primarily the calcium release-activated calcium current (ICRAC), is crucial for nonexcitable cell functions. Research is actively identifying the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways controlling this vital calcium influx.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Calcium influx regulates critical cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, and exocytosis in nonexcitable cells.
  • Store-operated calcium entry, governed by intracellular calcium store levels, is the dominant pathway for calcium influx.
  • The precise signaling mechanism coupling intracellular store depletion to plasma membrane calcium channels remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development and discovery of store-operated calcium currents.
  • To detail the electrophysiological properties and regulatory mechanisms of the calcium release-activated calcium current (ICRAC).
  • To discuss recent advancements in identifying the molecular basis of store-operated calcium channels.

Main Methods:

  • Patch-clamp electrophysiology was extensively used to investigate the properties of ICRAC.
  • Review of existing literature and research findings on calcium signaling and store-operated currents.
  • Analysis of evidence implicating the Drosophila trp gene in store-operated calcium channel function.

Main Results:

  • ICRAC is the prototype store-operated calcium current, activated by depletion of intracellular calcium stores.
  • While ICRAC is widespread, other store-operated currents also exist.
  • Evidence suggests the Drosophila trp gene may encode a store-operated calcium channel, though it has not yet been cloned.

Conclusions:

  • Store-operated calcium entry, particularly ICRAC, is a fundamental pathway for calcium signaling in nonexcitable cells.
  • Understanding the molecular identity and regulation of these channels is crucial for deciphering cellular responses.
  • Ongoing research is focused on elucidating the molecular players involved in this ubiquitous calcium influx pathway.

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