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Aspects of autonomic and neuroendocrine function
1The Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK.
Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement
|June 1, 1997
Summary
Autonomic and neuroendocrine functions were studied in conscious animals. Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems differentially regulate pancreatic hormones, adrenal function, and cardiovascular responses to feeding.
Area of Science:
- Neuroendocrinology
- Autonomic Nervous System Physiology
- Animal Models in Physiology
Background:
- Review of autonomic and neuroendocrine functions.
- Initial studies focused on sympathetic innervation of the liver and glycogenolysis.
- Subsequent research conducted in conscious animals under physiological conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate autonomic innervation's role in pancreatic hormone release.
- Examine adrenal medullary and cortical function under stress.
- Analyze cardiovascular responses during feeding in calves.
Main Methods:
- Studies in anesthetized and conscious animals.
- Electrophysiological stimulation to assess neuroendocrine release.
- Observation of cardiovascular and hormonal changes during feeding.
Main Results:
- Parasympathetic system mediates glycaemic responses; sympathetic system mediates stress responses in the pancreas.
- Adrenal medulla has a higher stress threshold; stimulation pattern affects release of catecholamines, enkephalins, CRF, and ACTH.
- Splanchnic sympathetic innervation sensitizes adrenal cortex to ACTH via VIP release.
- Suckling in calves induces hypertension and tachycardia via selective sympathetic discharge.
Conclusions:
- Autonomic nervous system plays a critical role in metabolic and stress responses.
- Adrenal function is modulated by stimulation patterns and sympathetic input.
- Specific sympathetic pathways mediate cardiovascular changes during feeding.