Caloric restriction increases HDL2 levels in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Nutritional Science
• Primate Research

Background:

• Caloric restriction (CR) extends lifespan in rodents, but its effects on primates and humans, including aging mechanisms, are unclear.
• Understanding CR's impact on primate aging is crucial for human health applications.
• Atherosclerosis is a significant health concern, and identifying preventative strategies is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate if caloric restriction (CR) prolongs lifespan in primates.
• To evaluate the mechanisms by which CR might slow aging.
• To assess the effects of CR on lipid profiles, body composition, and glucose metabolism in rhesus monkeys.

Main Methods:

• A study involving 30 rhesus monkeys undergoing CR (70% of ad libitum intake) and 30 controls across three age cohorts.
• Measurement of plasma lipids, lipoproteins, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoproteins, and subfractions.
• Comparison of CR and control groups based on weight, body fat percentage, glucose, and insulin levels.

Main Results:

• CR led to decreased triglyceride levels and increased HDL2b subfractions in adult monkeys.
• Multivariate analyses indicated that reduced body mass and improved glucose regulation partially explained the observed lipid and lipoprotein changes.
• CR demonstrated beneficial effects on body composition and glucose metabolism.

Conclusions:

• Caloric restriction shows potential for prolonging primate lifespan.
• CR may slow aging and reduce atherosclerosis incidence in humans through improved body composition and glucose metabolism.
• This study provides novel insights into CR's effects in nonhuman primates, with implications for human health.