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Toxicological problems with the REDY system

B B Moller, M Bahnsen, P Solgaard

    Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The REDY dialysis system showed negligible toxic elements like zirconium and aluminum. However, formaldehyde levels remained high after rinsing, and high boron concentrations may originate from patients, though overall toxicological risk is low.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Toxicology
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • The REDY dialysis system is a widely used hemodialysis device.
    • Concerns exist regarding potential toxic element leaching and residual sterilant in dialysate.
    • Understanding the safety profile of dialysis systems is crucial for patient care.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the dialysate from the REDY dialysis system for toxic elements, specifically zirconium and aluminum.
    • To quantify formaldehyde concentration in the rinsing fluid after multiple washings.
    • To investigate the presence and potential source of high boron concentrations in the dialysate.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of dialysate for zirconium and aluminum content.
    • Measurement of formaldehyde concentration in rinsing fluid after sequential washings.

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  • Detection and quantification of boron in the dialysate.

    • Main Results:

    • Zirconium and aluminum levels in the dialysate were found to be negligible.
    • Formaldehyde concentration remained alarmingly high after two washings and considerable (less than 50 mg) after three washings.
    • A very high concentration of boron was detected in the dialysate.

    Conclusions:

    • The REDY dialysis system poses no significant toxicological risk from zirconium, aluminum, or formaldehyde if properly managed with adequate rinsing.
    • High boron concentrations may originate from the patient, warranting further investigation.
    • Recommendations include performing at least three consecutive washings and considering formaldehyde substitution.